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的&ldo;乘彼垝垣，以望复关&rdo;一句吸引住了，想起&ldo;墙头马上&rdo;这个词。那是元代白朴杂剧的名字，原是出自白居易《新乐府井底引银瓶》。《墙头马上》就是据此改编的。在《井底引银瓶》里，白居易以女子的口气做了首哀怨深情而警辟的诗，比《氓》的语言更生动华丽。无从得知白居易写《井底引银瓶》时有没有借鉴《氓》，但是《井底引银瓶》和《氓》在写法上和女主人公情感的转变是有很多相通之处的，可以让人互相联想。白诗中也是写一年轻貌美的女子，&ldo;婵娟两鬓秋蝉翼，宛转双蛾远山色。笑随戏伴后园中，此时与君未相识。&rdo;按照白朴后来的敷衍，她还成了某官宦大家的千金小姐‐‐戏曲中佳人常用的身份证。身份如何不重要，重要的是她和《氓》中的女子一样，偶然间邂逅了一男子‐‐&ldo;妾弄青梅凭短墙，君骑白马傍垂杨。墙头马上遥相顾，一见知君即断肠。&rdo;这么一断肠就坏了事。女儿家幽密安静的心思全被这男人搅乱了。她又没有那个定力，说&ldo;私家花园，请勿践踏&rdo;。美貌的女子总是有吸引力的，接下来，男子缠住她不放，可以想象也是要多深情有多深情，要多眷恋有多眷恋，无数蜜语甜言海誓山盟变成了糖衣炮弹砸下来，正常人搁谁也扛不住。&ldo;知君断肠共君语，君指南山松柏树。感君松柏化为心，暗合双鬟逐君去。&rdo;‐‐于是最后陷入情网难以自拔的不是男子，反而成了女子。这样一个过程，在《氓》里写得非常清楚：&ldo;桑之未落，其叶沃若。于嗟鸠兮，无食桑葚；于嗟女兮，无与士耽。士之耽兮，犹可说也；女之耽兮，不可说也。桑之落矣，其黄而陨。自我徂尔，三岁食贫。淇水汤汤，渐车帷裳。女也不慡，士贰其行。士也罔极，二三其德。&rdo;《氓》&ldo;比而兴也&rdo;，&ldo;兴也&rdo;，也就是说这两章以抒情为主。诗中皆以桑树起兴，从诗人的年轻貌美写到体衰色减，同时揭示了男子对她从热爱到厌弃的经过。&ldo;桑之未落，其叶沃若&rdo;，以桑叶之润泽有光，比喻女子的容颜亮丽。&ldo;桑之落矣，其黄而陨&rdo;，以桑叶的枯黄飘落，比喻女子的憔悴和被弃。&ldo;于嗟鸠兮，无食桑葚；于嗟女兮，无与士耽&rdo;，则以&ldo;戒鸠无食桑葚以兴下句戒女无与士耽也&rdo;。（《诗集传》）《诗经》的好处在于往往言人所不到，发人新见。我们多习惯以鸠毒比如爱情，把痴情不悔说成是含笑饮鸠酒。而《诗经》里则以桑葚比喻爱情。桑葚是甜的，斑鸠吃多了容易醉醉；爱情是美好的，人太迷恋则易上当受骗。至于后面那几句：&ldo;于嗟女兮，无与士耽。士之耽兮，犹可说也；女之耽兮，不可说也。&rdo;男人沉溺于爱情犹可解脱。女子一旦堕入爱河，则无法挣离。这几句话，我一直认为是男女纠缠的至理明言，甚至还是我对《氓》印象深刻的关键原因。可见这女子受害之深，不是血泪的教训，也说不出这样警辟的道理来。从桑叶青青到桑叶黄落，不仅说明了女子年龄增长，容颜由盛到衰，更暗示了时光的推移。&ldo;自我徂尔，三岁食贫&rdo;，一般以为女子嫁过去三年，但另有一种解释：&ldo;三岁，多年。按&lso;三&rso;是虚数，言其多，不是实指三年。&rdo;不管是哪种解释，女人都不可能老掉牙，实际上是说女子嫁过去好几年，为男人忙得心力憔悴，未老先衰，所以色衰爱弛。夫妻关系渐渐不和，终至破裂。女子不得已又坐着车子，渡过淇水，回到娘家。她反覆考虑，自己并无一点差错，而是那个男子&ldo;二三其德&rdo;。在这里女子以反省的口气回顾了婚后的生活，找寻被遗弃的原因，结果得到了一条教训：在以男子为中心的社会里，只有痴心女子负心汉！诗的用赋的手法叙述被弃前后的处境，前六句承上章&ldo;自我徂尔，三岁食贫&rdo;，补叙多年为妇的苦楚，她起早睡晚，辛勤劳作，由于她的辛苦cao持，使得男子再无后顾之忧，可以安心在外做事。可惜，&ldo;贵易友，富易妻&rdo;，日子富有了丈夫便饱暖思淫欲，开始喜新厌旧，变得暴戾冷酷。&ldo;言既遂矣，至于暴矣。&rdo;这个&ldo;暴&rdo;字可使人想像到丈夫的狰狞面目，以及女主人公被虐待的情景。后四句写她回到娘家以后受到兄弟们的耻笑。《诗集传》释此段云：&ldo;盖淫奔从人，不为兄弟所齿，故其见弃而归，亦不为兄弟所恤，理固有必然者，亦何所归咎哉，但自痛悼而已。&rdo;朱熹说女主人公&ldo;淫奔&rdo;，是道学家的古板气息，我们可以嗤之以鼻；但其他的话可以帮助我们理解她当时所受到的精神压力和由此而产生的内心矛盾。
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