第10页(第1页)
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孔子的身体也很棒,体长九尺(合今2。16米),号为&1dquo;长人”。力大可举城门,一
如乃父。含辛茹苦的孔母看在眼里,喜在心上,自己十多年来苦与乐、忧与思,都
以儿子长大成人得到了满意的报答。想到孔丘有成,孔门有后,一股欣慰的甘泉滋
润着她那久已枯竭的心田。然而,她同样未能看到儿子大有作为,便带着一个年轻
寡妇固有的哀思和悲凉,离开了这个对她来说是苦多于乐的世界。
孔子3岁丧父,17丧母,过早地失去了亲人的庇护,孤伶伶独身一人跨入了那个
动荡的人生旅程。在这个旅程中,孔子遇到的第一件事就十分麻烦,那便是如何安
葬亡母遗体的问题。按照&1dquo;生同室、死同穴”的规矩,孔子应将亡母与亡父合葬;
更重要的是,这也是一个肯定徵在与叔梁纥合法关系的机会。可惜的是。孔母徵在
从未告诉他叔梁纥的墓地。在注重礼乐教化,强调孝行的鲁国,这实在是件费解的
事。《史记》只含糊地说、&1dquo;盖讳之也。”至于为何讳之,可能只有从孔子出生的
情形去找答案。孔子将亡母灵柩殡于当时曲阜车来人往的交通要道——&1dquo;五父之衢”,
以便引起人们的关注。结果一个赶车人的母亲(&1dquo;挽父之母”)熟悉当年旧事,告
知孔父墓地所在,孔子于是得将亡母与叔梁纥合葬于防山,即今梁公林。真乃两全
其美,既肯定了叔梁纥与徵在夫妻关系,尽了一点孝子仁人之心,也确认了自己与
叔梁纥的父子关系,叔梁纥那士人的头衔和勇武的名气,也许是他步入贵族社会有
用的阶梯。
二、学道不厌诲人不倦
在安葬亡母的事情上,表现出了孔子的聪明之处,一时也许不无自得。当时季
氏家举行&1dquo;飨礼”,孔子顾不得母孝在身,便&1dquo;腰经”而往,不料吃了闭门羹。飨
礼,是招待士人的饮宴制度。士子欢聚一堂,借酒欢歌,演习礼仪,以文会友,切
磋技艺。”贵族大夫则借此&1dquo;优贤礼士&1dquo;之机联络感情,笼络士心。年轻的孔子也
许是出于前一目的,怀着对礼乐的好尚心情,急忙赶去赴会,却被季氏的家臣阳虎
(又称阳货)拒之门外,还酸溜溜地说:&1dquo;季氏宴请的是士人,却不敢请先生您呀!”
孔子本来通过葬母于防,肯定了自己与叔梁纥的父子关系,根据&1dquo;士之子孙恒为士”
的惯例,他应当已取得了士的资格了,不意并未得到社会的承认。面对这套森严的
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