仁义之文使人不朽(第1页)
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李翱
凡人之穷达所遇,亦各有时尔,何独至於贤丈夫而反无其时哉,此非吾徒之所忧也。其所忧者何?畏吾之道未能到于古之人尔。其心既自以为到,且无谬,则吾何往而不得所乐,何必与夫时俗之人,同得失忧喜,而动於心乎。借如用汝之所知,分为十焉,用其九学圣人之道,而知其心,使有余以与时世进退俯仰,如可求也,则不啻富且贵也,如非吾力也,虽尽用其十,祗益劳其心矣,安能有所得乎?汝勿信人号文章为一艺。夫所谓一艺者,乃时世所好之文,或有盛名于近代者是也。其能到古人者,则仁义之辞也,恶得以一艺而名之哉?仲尼、孟轲殁千馀年矣,吾不及见其人,吾能知其圣且贤者,以吾读其辞而得之者也。後来者不可期,安知其读吾辞也,而不知吾心之所存乎?亦未可诬也。夫性于仁义者,未见其无文也;有文而能到者,吾未见其不力于仁义也。由仁义而後文者性也,由文而後仁义者习也,由诚明之必相依尔。贵与富,在乎外者也,吾不能知其有无也,非吾求而能至者也,吾何爱而屑屑於其间哉。仁义与文章,生乎内者也,吾知其有也,吾能求而充之者也,吾何惧而不为哉。
【译文】
大凡人的穷达之类的遭遇,也是各自都有它的机缘,怎么反而对于那些贤能的人来说而不会有得志之时呢,得志与否其实不是我辈所应关心的。我们应该关心什么呢?我们应该担心的是我们的追求未能达到古人的境界。要是我们心里感到我们已经达到古人的境界,又没有什么不恰当的地方,那么,我们无论怎样都会是快乐的,又何必像那些浅薄的人那样,为同样的事情而计较得失忧喜,使自己心中不安呢。假如把你所懂得的,一分为十,用其中的九份力量学习圣人的思想,就能懂得圣人的胸怀,以余下的一份力量用来和俗世相处,如果能够获得,就不仅是富和贵了。如果不是凭我们的力量能够得到的,即使用尽了所有的力量,也只是使心神疲劳,怎么会有收获呢?你不要相信有人说的,文章只是一种技艺的话。那种被看成是一种技艺的文章,都是流俗之人所喜好的文章,或者是在近代有很大虚名的人的文章。而那些真能够达到古人境界的文章,则都是宣扬仁义的文章,怎么会是靠一种技艺而获得盛名的呢?孔子、孟子逝世有一千多年了,我没有能够看到他们本人,我却能够知道他们圣明贤能,这是因为我读了他们的文章后了解到的。后世的人们我们无法预料,怎么能说他们读了我的文章,就不懂得我心里的念头呢?这也是不能够胡乱猜测的啊。那些性情仁义的人,我们都能够看到他们的文章;有文章而又为我们读到的,我没有见到不致力于仁义的。从仁义开始而后致力于文章的,那在于他的性情;由文章而后成仁义之士的,那在于他的学习,这就像诚实和明智是相互依存一样。贵和富,是外在的东西,我没有办法知道到底有没有这些东西,这不是靠强力就能获得的,我又何必为此而忙忙碌碌呢。仁义和文章,是从我的内在中产生的,我知道它是确实存在的,我们能够靠自己的努力获得而且他们充盈于我的内心,我又有什么担心的而不为他们去努力呢。
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