第70节(第1页)
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六年,有司言淮南王长废先帝法,不听天子诏,居处毋度,出入拟於天子,擅为法令,与棘蒲侯太子奇谋反,遣人使闽越及匈奴,发其兵,欲以危宗庙社稷。群臣议,皆曰“长当弃市”帝不忍致法於王,赦其罪,废勿王。群臣请处王蜀严道、邛都,帝许之。长未到处所,行病死,上怜之。後十六年,追尊淮南王长谥为厉王,立其子三人为淮南王、衡山王、庐江王。
十三年夏,上曰:“盖闻天道祸自怨起而福繇德兴。百官之非,宜由朕躬。今祕祝之官移过于下,以彰吾之不德,朕甚不取。其除之。”
五月,齐太仓令淳于公有罪当刑,诏狱逮徙系长安。太仓公无男,有女五人。太仓公将行会逮,骂其女曰:“生子不生男,有缓急非有益也!”其少女缇萦自伤泣,乃随其父至长安,上书曰:“妾父为吏,齐中皆称其廉平,今坐法当刑。妾伤夫死者不可复生,刑者不可复属,虽复欲改过自新,其道无由也。妾原没入为官婢,赎父刑罪,使得自新。”书奏天子,天子怜悲其意,乃下诏曰:“盖闻有虞氏之时,画衣冠异章服以为僇,而民不犯。何则?至治也。今法有肉刑三,而奸不止,其咎安在?非乃朕德薄而教不明欤?吾甚自愧。故夫驯道不纯而愚民陷焉。诗曰‘恺悌君子,民之父母’。今人有过,教未施而刑加焉?或欲改行为善而道毋由也。朕甚怜之。夫刑至断支体,刻肌肤,终身不息,何其楚痛而不德也,岂称为民父母之意哉!其除肉刑。”
上曰:“农,天下之本,务莫大焉。今勤身从事而有租税之赋,是为本末者毋以异,其於劝农之道未备。其除田之租税。”
十四年冬,匈奴谋入边为寇,攻朝塞,杀北地都尉卬。上乃遣三将军军陇西、北地、上郡,中尉周舍为卫将军,郎中令张武为车骑将军,军渭北,车千乘,骑卒十万。帝亲自劳军,勒兵申教令,赐军吏卒。帝欲自将击匈奴,群臣谏,皆不听。皇太后固要帝,帝乃止。於是以东阳侯张相如为大将军,成侯赤为内史,栾布为将军,击匈奴。匈奴遁走。
春,上曰:“朕获执牺牲珪币以事上帝宗庙,十四年于今,历日长,以不敏不明而久抚临天下,朕甚自愧。其广增诸祀墠场珪币。昔先王远施不求其报,望祀不祈其福,右贤左戚,先民後己,至明之极也。今吾闻祠官祝釐,皆归福朕躬,不为百姓,朕甚愧之。夫以朕不德,而躬享独美其福,百姓不与焉,是重吾不德。其令祠官致敬,毋有所祈。”
是时北平侯张苍为丞相,方明律历。鲁人公孙臣上书陈终始传五德事,言方今土德时,土德应黄龙见,当改正朔服色制度。天子下其事与丞相议。丞相推以为今水德,始明正十月上黑事,以为其言非是,请罢之。
十五年,黄龙见成纪,天子乃复召鲁公孙臣,以为博士,申明土德事。於是上乃下诏曰:“有异物之神见于成纪,无害於民,岁以有年。朕亲郊祀上帝诸神。礼官议,毋讳以劳朕。”有司礼官皆曰:“古者天子夏躬亲礼祀上帝於郊,故曰郊。”於是天子始幸雍,郊见五帝,以孟夏四月答礼焉。赵人新垣平以望气见,因说上设立渭阳五庙。欲出周鼎,当有玉英见。
十六年,上亲郊见渭阳五帝庙,亦以夏答礼而尚赤。
十七年,得玉杯,刻曰“人主延寿”。於是天子始更为元年,令天下大酺。其岁,新垣平事觉,夷三族。
後二年,上曰:“朕既不明,不能远德,是以使方外之国或不宁息。夫四荒之外不安其生,封畿之内勤劳不处,二者之咎,皆自於朕之德薄而不能远达也。间者累年,匈奴并暴边境,多杀吏民,边臣兵吏又不能谕吾内志,以重吾不德也。夫久结难连兵,中外之国将何以自宁?今朕夙兴夜寐,勤劳天下,忧苦万民,为之怛惕不安,未尝一日忘於心,故遣使者冠盖相望,结轶於道,以谕朕意於单于。今单于反古之道,计社稷之安,便万民之利,亲与朕俱弃细过,偕之大道,结兄弟之义,以全天下元元之民。和亲已定,始于今年。”
後六年冬,匈奴三万人入上郡,三万人入云中。以中大夫令勉为车骑将军,军飞狐;故楚相苏意为将军,军句注;将军张武屯北地;河内守周亚夫为将军,居细柳;宗正刘礼为将军,居霸上;祝兹侯军棘门:以备胡。数月,胡人去,亦罢。
天下旱,蝗。帝加惠:令诸侯毋入贡,弛山泽,减诸服御狗马,损郎吏员,发仓庾以振贫民,民得卖爵。
孝文帝从代来,即位二十三年,宫室苑囿狗马服御无所增益,有不便,辄弛以利民。尝欲作露台,召匠计之,直百金。上曰:“百金中民十家之产,吾奉先帝宫室,常恐羞之,何以台为!”上常衣綈衣,所幸慎夫人,令衣不得曳地,帏帐不得文绣,以示敦朴,为天下先。治霸陵皆以瓦器,不得以金银铜锡为饰,不治坟,欲为省,毋烦民。南越王尉佗自立为武帝,然上召贵尉佗兄弟,以德报之,佗遂去帝称臣。与匈奴和亲,匈奴背约入盗,然令边备守,不发兵深入,恶烦苦百姓。吴王诈病不朝,就赐几杖。群臣如袁盎等称说虽切,常假借用之。群臣如张武等受赂遗金钱,觉,上乃发御府金钱赐之,以愧其心,弗下吏。专务以德化民,是以海内殷富,兴於礼义。
後七年六月己亥,帝崩於未央宫。遗诏曰:“朕闻盖天下万物之萌生,靡不有死。死者天地之理,物之自然者,奚可甚哀。当今之时,世咸嘉生而恶死,厚葬以破业,重服以伤生,吾甚不取。且朕既不德,无以佐百姓;今崩,又使重服久临,以离寒暑之数,哀人之父子,伤长幼之志,损其饮食,绝鬼神之祭祀,以重吾不德也,谓天下何!朕获保宗庙,以眇眇之身讬于天下君王之上,二十有馀年矣。赖天地之灵,社稷之福,方内安宁,靡有兵革。朕既不敏,常畏过行,以羞先帝之遗德;维年之久长,惧于不终。今乃幸以天年,得复供养于高庙。朕之不明与嘉之,其奚哀悲之有!其令天下吏民,令到出临三日,皆释服。毋禁取妇嫁女祠祀饮酒食肉者。自当给丧事服临者,皆无践。绖带无过三寸,毋布车及兵器,毋发民男女哭临宫殿。宫殿中当临者,皆以旦夕各十五举声,礼毕罢。非旦夕临时,禁毋得擅哭。已下,服大红十五日,小红十四日,纤七日,释服。佗不在令中者,皆以此令比率从事。布告天下,使明知朕意。霸陵山川因其故,毋有所改。归夫人以下至少使。”
本片段截取自《史记》。
91。第91章
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