第68章 宰相必起于州县(第1页)
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李隆基惆怅的道:“如此说来,此事岂非无解?”
“那也未必。”6天师哂然道,“办法还是有的。”
李隆基闻言眼睛一亮,急忙说:“还请6天师赐教。”
6天师说道:“说起这,就必须先梳理皇权与相权之争。”
听到这,不光是李隆基,殿中的皇子皇孙与文武百官皆竖起耳朵。
能得聆听天师讲道的机会可不多,他们能有幸聆听一次,已经是足慰平生。
6天师捋了下黑须说道:“在大秦统一六国之前,华夏采用的皆是分封制,周天子下有诸侯国,大诸侯下还有诸多小诸侯,丞相或者国相不过一介家臣而已,其威胁远不如名下大小诸侯,所以少有相权与皇权之争,而只有诸侯割据的祸患。”
“所以秦灭六国之后吸取教训,将分封制改成了郡县制,以加强中央集权。”
“这样一来的确避免诸侯割据,但是相权得到空前加强,又威胁到了皇权。”
“丞相因为掌握了行政、度支及人事任免权,权力得到空前增强,掌握兵权的太尉和负责监察的御史大夫因为粮饷、人事受到丞相制约,沦为了丞相的附庸,所以才会出现李斯独揽朝纲以及赵高的指鹿为马。”
“到了西汉,刘邦在时还能够稳压相权一头。”
“但是刘邦一死,丞相陈平就敢当着文武百官的面疾言训斥刘盈。”
“武帝掌权之后,朝政仍旧操于丞相的手中,不得已只能够通过重用外戚以及亲信侍从组建内朝来架空丞相,这才从丞相手中夺回权柄,从而实现大权独揽,但是汉武帝的这一举措开了一个很坏的头,那就是外戚以及宦官乱政。”
“此后东西两汉到曹魏,一直深受外戚以及宦官之流毒。”
“西晋建立之后,司马氏吸取两汉及曹魏的教训,开始压制外戚,重用宗室,结果引来了八王之乱,局面更加糟糕。”
“这之后的北魏、北齐、北周以及大隋又吸取了前朝的教训,即不重用外戚,也不重用宗室,改丞相为宰相,同时为避免宰相大权独揽,采用了群相制,即把原本属于丞相一人的权力分摊到一群宰相的头上,也就是三省六部制。”
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